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Local workers mobilize to reforest their dying watershed. They get paid too: people living in poor communities of the northwest Haitian Artibonite overwhelmed by the population influx following the 2010 earthquake.
“Many people ran away from the Port au Prince disaster to live in the province”, recalls Jacques Vilgar. “A community already in a very bad socio-economic situation became twice as bad.”
 Forest tree seedling. As it matures, it will stabilize and build soil, hold groundwater for slow release, and support biodiversity.
Vilgar, affectionately dubbed ‘Tonga’ or uncle by his admirers, is a veteran community mobilizer, often called an animateur in Haiti. He has been mobilizing his community since 1973. “My role is to supervise the animation team. We gathered all people’s requests and suggestions, recruited leaders for the project, and helped identify the priority areas.”
The Project
Paul Ziade is AMURT’s Rural Programs Coordinator, and runs the Watershed Protection Program. Initiated by AMURT and joint-funded by the UN’s Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, it is primarily a response to economic desperation exacerbated by the influx of displaced persons into two of Haiti’s most impoverished communes.
“As short-term relief you want to provide employment quickly – but you will try to have a long-term impact”, says Ziade, “so what did we do here? Watershed protection, soil conservation and reforestation.”
Watershed Deforestation
Most Haitians depend upon small-scale subsistence farming. Only two-percent of forests survive. Flooding and mudslides devastate crops and take lives.
 (click to view) Last tree’s stand: the only tree for miles still clings to life.
Once-fertile soils erode to desert and unsafe water transmits infectious diseases, such as Cholera.
“We conducted a very thorough needs analysis months before the project started, which helped us understand better the challenges and possibilities people saw. There are water issues and floods, soil erosion, mudslides”, says Ziade. “Telling ‘I have something to give you’ is very different from ‘what do you need, and what capacity do you have to meet your need?’” After consulting local communities in the Anse Rouge and Terre-Neuve communes, AMURT found that people recognised common threats to their existence related to the severe degradation of their watershed. The project was born.
Community Mobilization
Animatuers activated village committees, who met agronomists and collectively determined priority ravine and hillsides sites. “We want to build a community that takes its destiny in its own hands”, says Tonga.
AEPA, an AMURT supported association promoting community leadership joined the program, providing one animateur for each of the fourteen sites. However, coordinating sites in rugged terrain was difficult: “it’s three hours’ bike to get to one, two hours to another one. If it rains you cannot move; extreme mud, dangerous roads”, says Ziade.
“The people we are working with usually can’t be reached by cell phone. So we have to decide everything in our weekly meeting.”
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 Digging hillside contours. Initiated by the communities themselves, the project receives enthusiastic workers and has exceeded its targets. Team Hire
Hiring committees were formed at each locality, composed of democratically elected community leaders. Applying set criteria, the committees identify the most vulnerable persons to work each two-week shift. Ziade explains, “Thanks to this process we reached 10,000 people through a rotational method”.
There are 84 watershed work teams according to Ziade, “plus six teams free for the community to decide.” He gives the example of village road repairs, saying free teams have been one way to extend the outreach of the project.
Watershed Regeneration
The on-site watershed regeneration work has four key elements, according to Jacques Raquise, one of AMURT’s Technical Coordinators: slope contours, ravine barrages, ramp vivant, and tree-planting. On gentle slopes sugar cane, elephant grass, Guinea grass or moringa trees are planted in a shallow ramp vivant (living wall). On steeper slopes, deep contour ditches and forest trees are employed. Both techniques stop sheet water erosion and harvest precious rainwater. “When we plant seeds,” he says, “we have to do it according to the rain.”
 2,500 seedlings being aerated in one of many beds at the nursery in Sources Chaudes village. AMURT has built-up ten community nurseries like this one.
Tree Nurseries
A huge number of seedlings are also needed. Thelford Melisien, works in one of three nurseries managed by AMURT together with its partner LOCAL-Haiti (Local Capacities Alliance). “What we have here we’ll start planting in the hills. January we’ll start again.” Plants are also supplied by six community nurseries set up by AMURT. Melisien already sees results. “When the rain falls, the water flows into the trenches and is retained.”
Obstacles
However, obstacles to widespread adoption of reforestation persist, says Raquise, “people don’t control their animals, so they go around and eat everything they can.” Trees are also axed and sold as charcoal to raise cash. If a person has no money for their child’s food, naturally they will consider tree-cutting.
Positive Results
Ziade considers the outcomes of this initiative, “Paying 1000 people every two weeks without any problem is a success. We planted more than 20 million seedlings and seeds. I give all the credit to our technical team.”
Raquise is positive. “Now people are asking us to work near their gardens, to build retention walls and dams, because they know it helps their harvest and keeps the rainwater longer.”
He then reveals a community shift almost unthinkable six months earlier: “Now they have formed their own association and a cooperative that works on certain gardens together. If all the country adopts this kind of project we will become self-sufficient in food.”
 (click to view) Before and After: today's community support will have a dramatic impact - like these trees growing on an earlier project site. |
